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Klinefelter Syndrome |
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Alliance for Genetic Support Groups American with Disabilities Act
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| Hermaphrodites and the Medical
Invention of Sex by Alice Domurat Dreger, 268 pp, with illus, $35, ISBN 0-674-08927-8, Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1998. http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v281n12/ffull/jbk0324-2.html The International Olympic Committee (IOC) in our dimorphic (two-sex only) world mandates for all women competitors a buccal smear for XY chromosomes (rather than for each to appear nude before a panel of doctors). In 1992, DNA tests were used instead and criticized as being too sensitive. Several renowned geneticists protest all such sex testing as absurd and discriminatory because there is so wide a spectrum of existing intersex conditions. It has been said (unverified because the IOC claimed confidentiality of records) that 1:500 women were disqualified in this way from the 1996 Olympic Games. The impact on the lives of the athletes involved remains an untold story. The IOC goal is to eliminate unfairness, eg, female impersonators or transsexuals. The International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) favors a physical examination report by the woman athlete's own physician, but spot-check examinations may be done by IAAF physicians. |
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| REVIEWER AUTHOR/ARTICLE INFORMATION Domeena C. Renshaw, MD, Loyola University Medical Center Maywood, Ill REFERENCES Edited by Harriet S. Meyer, MD, Contributing Editor; Jonathan D. Eldredge, MLS, PhD, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center Library, Journal Review Editor; adviser for new media, Robert Hogan, MD, San Diego.
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| IOC TESTING
Later, another test known as a BASAL SMEAR could detect the presence of two X (XX) chromatins. As told to me by a Endocrinologist at USC-LAC in Sept. of 1977, when I was being tested. A Kariotype at UCLA Cytogenetic Lab in 1994 results were XXY/XX (90%/10%) http://www.anatomy.uq.edu.au/histology/contents/oral1/index.html
It was used by the Olympics Commitee to determine if a female
was indeed a female. (in the days when the eastern bloc countries pumped male
hormones into their female athletes to have an unfair advantage over the other
females representing other countries in the Olympics.. It is still used today to do
a quick test (90 minutes) to determine if the contestant is genetically female or
male.
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| CLOTTING FACTORS Normal males range is 42-47 to a high of 52. Anything over 54-57 is suspect. Females hematocrit range from 35 to 42 with a high of 47. Anything over 52-55 would be suspect. A high hematocrit can be caused by either ChromosomaHematosis or an autologous blood transfusion. At that level or above, anticoagulants would be recomended to prevent blood clots within the veins and arteries. In
1988, I met some people in the blood donor room at Memroial Medicakl Center of Long Beach,
Calif.
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| Those with Klinefelters Syndrome, in any genetic makeup (XXY,
XXXY,XXXXXY) and those with Klinefelters Syndrome who are mosaic (XXY/XY or XXY/XX) can
qualify as male AND female and should be able to compete in either
catagory. (NOT EVER LIKELY) Some of those with KS (Klinefelter Syndrome) may not have all the male organs and some (even rarer) may even have some of the female reproductive organs. [ subjective knowledge, learned via kidney problems and
cystoscopic exam with retrograde pyelogram in 1973, in which both sets (male and
female) showed up on the xrays. Dr. Harold Schwartz (Marfans Syndrome, discoverer), was
the last person I know who had those xrays.]
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| KS occurs at an estimated ratio of 1 per 500
to 1 per 1000 live male births,where as hermaphroditism occurs at an estimated ratio of 1
per 2,000 live births. 96% of all KS males will be male. Roughly 4% may be mosaic (XXY/XY
or (XXY/XX). Of thoat 4% group, some might be intersexed. " [Dr. Arturo Robinson from a double blind study done in Denver, CO. A couple years ago. I learned of this thru the XXY listserv. To join the group, you have to have XXY or a relative has to have XXY.]
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| Histology
http://www.anatomy.uq.edu.au/histology/
Cytogenetics
http://www.pathology.washington.edu/Cytogallery/
Department of Pathology Univ. Wash.
Genome Machine
There is more KS information at these URLs: http://www.2beornot2be.com/Chromosomes/ks1/ |
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E-MAIL LISTS TO TALK TO
OTHERS:
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| LINKS TO
SUPPORT
GROUP INFORMATION:
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| Links on K.S.
Klinfelter Syndrome, Meet The People
Klinefelter Syndrome
Information and Links
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| Links on this URL:
http://klinefeltersyndrome.org/index.html
ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS:
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